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Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam ( or ) is a denomination of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad's first Caliph was his father-in-law Abu Bakr. Sunni Islam primarily contrasts with Shi'a Islam, which holds that Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib, not Abu Bakr, was his first caliph.
Sunni Islam is by far the largest denomination of Islam. , Sunni Muslims constituted 87-90% of the world's Muslim population.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pewforum.org/2009/10/07/mapping-the-global-muslim-population/ )〕 Its adherents are referred to in Arabic as ' ((アラビア語:أهل السنة والجماعة)), "people of the tradition of Muhammad and the consensus of the Ummah" or ' () for short. In English, its theological study or doctrine is called ''Sunnism'', while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, and Sunnites. Sunni Islam is the world's largest religious body, followed by Roman Catholicism.〔Connie R. Green, Sandra Brenneman Oldendorf, ''Religious Diversity and Children's Literature: Strategies and Resources'', Information Age Publishing, 2011, p. 156.〕 Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to as "orthodox Islam". The word "Sunni" comes from the term ''Sunnah'' ((アラビア語:سنة)), which refers to the sayings and actions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as recorded in the ''hadith''.
The primary collections consisting of Kutub al-Sittah accepted by Sunni orthodoxy, in conjunction with the Quran and binding consensus, form the basis of all jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Laws are derived from these basic sources; in addition, Sunni Islam's juristic schools recognize differing methods to derive legal verdicts such as analogical reason, consideration of public welfare and juristic discretion.
==Lexicology==
(Classical Arabic: ), also commonly referred to as , is a term derived from ' ( , plural ' ) meaning "habit", "usual practice",〔(Sunnah ), Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement〕 "custom", "tradition". The Muslim use of this term refers to the sayings and living habits of the prophet Muhammad. In its full form, this branch of Islam is referred to as "''Ahl al-Sunnah wal Jamaah''" (literally, "People of the ''Sunnah'' and the Community"). People claiming to follow the Sunnah (tradition of the prophet) who can demonstrate that they have no action or belief against the prophetic Sunnah can consider themselves to be Sunni Muslims. One who espouses political Sunnite beliefs or specialises in Sunnism is sometimes called a Sunnist.〔Kairwan Through the Ages – Page 57, Touhami Negra – 2011〕 Some regions that are heavily Sunni-populated have been coined with derived neological terms such as ''Sunnistan'' or ''Sunni belt'' and a demonym for an inhabitant of this roughly defined geo-cultural region is a Sunnistani. Some followers of Shi'ism refer to Suunis using derogatory epithets such as ''nasibi'' and ''Bakri''〔Shia Dissociation from Usuli School – Page 93, Dr. Alsyyed Abu Mohammad Naqvi – 2013〕
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